The ju-jitsu is an ancient art whose evolution continues today ...
The political history of Japan was long dominated by rivalries between the various uji (clan members).
This encouraged the emergence of a warrior caste, the samurai. They were a minor noble but whose access was strictly closed.
The rank of samurai was indeed inherited. Every son of a samurai, unless exclude himself, embraced the profession of arms. From the Kamakura period (1185-1333) which is the beginning of the feudal era, the samurai dedicated his life to his clan or his master, without seeking benefits, favors or consideration. This is an essential difference with the European knight who tied a contractual relationship with his lord, giving him his sword and certainly fides (fidelity) but in exchange for his protection.
For the samurai, the idea of duty and sacrifice was even more firmly anchored link uniting his lord being of divine origin.
On the battlefield, wearing armor, the samurai fought on horseback and was the only warrior authorized to handle the sword (he wore the long sword and short sword). In his travels he was accompanied by chugen (domestic) and zoshiki (soldiers of lower rank) who followed or preceded by foot.
were considered unworthy of a samurai, all activities not related directly to the practice of arms. Much of their time was therefore devoted to the art of combat. The fencing saber horseback riding, archery (the Japanese equivalent of the word chivalry is kyubi no michi, literally "the way of horse and bow") were part of their training. Over the years, have become lighter armor, samurai also developed techniques of fighting in melee and unarmed. Thus, a samurai could still defend themselves helpless against an opponent equipped with his sword. Ju-Jitsu, literally "the art of flexibility" was born. The various clans of samurai devised techniques secret, jealously guarded.
At the Edo period (1603-1768), Japan is partly pacified and the bakufu (military government) centralized his power. The bushi (warriors) had to leave the country to integrate the fortified cities. By necessity, the samurai were forced to convert and became literate warriors, their functions while moving towards administrative tasks. But many were less fortunate or less able to take this new role. Ruined, they adopted (in exchange for a sum of money) the son of a city, thus making access to the rank of samurai. Some even became craftsmen. At that time, the samurai were less than one tenth of the population Total Japanese archipelago. Their situation was very variable. At the top of the scale, we found the hatamoto, direct vassal of the shogun (shogun's military dictators are, from the twelfth century and into the nineteenth century, ruled Japan). The hatamoto was receiving large sums. But just ashigaru (the lowest grade for a samurai) was a vassal of hatamoto and had to settle for a meager pension. From the early 17 th century, the Tokugawa shogunate abolished or significantly réduirent fiefdoms.
Consequently, damyo (lord) could not keep their armies. Many samurai then found themselves without damyo to serve. By 1650, Japan had some 500,000 ronin, samurai name given to the now unattached and without a master. They were forced to lease their service on time, traveling to Japan in search of a commitment. To survive, many of them, opened schools and taught their students the practice of weapons, strategy and techniques of fighting with bare hands. The first ryu (schools) of Ju-jitsu run by samurai, but open to all, and saw the day. They grew successfully developed more than 700 systems were officially listed, in the late 18 th century. But it was not until the Meiji era (1868-1912) that the various techniques were codified after the samurai have lost the right to wear the sword and duels have been permanently banned. Before founding
judo, Jigoro Kano Master (1860-1938) was an avid practitioner of ju-jitsu (schools tenjin-Shinyo-ryu and Kito-ryu, seguchi-ryu, Seigo-ryu ...). It is from the jujitsu techniques he developed Judo. Same for Morihei Ueshiba (1883-1969) who also studied the styles of ju-jitsu (shinkage Yagyu-Ryu, Daito-ryu ...) before creating aikido. In France, the first demonstrations of ju-jitsu were held in 1900. But the practice of jujitsu remained highly confidential. In 1924, Ishiguro Keishichi conducted demonstrations in Paris. In 1933, it was the turn of Jigoro Kano and Hidechi Nagaoka. But it Mikinosuke Kawaishi (arrived in France in 1935) that really popularized the ju-jitsu. He published books of judo and a method of self-defense. Until the early 50s, practices judo and ju-jitsu were closely linked in the dojo (training place). But with the strides made by judo, ju-jitsu fell into disuse and many techniques deemed dangerous were then abandoned.
OHCs recent years have seen a renewed interest in ju-jitsu, in part due to the success of Brazilian fighters in tournaments free fights. The term "ju-jitsu" is however unsuitable for all techniques used (atemis, projections, dislocations, chokes, etc..) Come directly from the methods of Japanese ju-jitsu, the only originality of Brazilian ju-jitsuka being focus on the phases of ground combat. In the 19th century, the countries of South America, mainly Brazil, suffered waves of Japanese immigration. This are no doubt some of these Japanese immigrants who brought the techniques of ju-jitsu. But Brazil, unlike Europe and the United States, the practice of jujitsu continued to grow and this, along with the development of new Japanese martial arts (judo, aikido, karate). This is without doubt one of the reasons for the present value of Brazilian fighters.
Source: http://jujitsu.contemporain.free.fr/
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